![]() At first sight, this might seem like an example of a time crystal. ![]() A system of two massive objects attracting each other due to gravity is the simplest example-the two objects move around the common center of mass following strictly periodic orbits. Kechedzhi: Persistent periodic motion is very familiar in nature. Spectrum: What might you compare time crystals to in nature? A time crystal is a quantum system of many particles that organize themselves into a periodic pattern of motion-periodic in time rather than in space-that persists in perpetuity. Kostyantyn Kechedzhi: A crystal is a system of many atoms that, due to mutual interactions, organize themselves into a periodic pattern in space. The conversation has been edited for length and clarity. To find out more, we spoke with Google staff research scientist Kostyantyn Kechedzhi and Google senior research scientist Xiao Mi, who conducted much of the research on the theoretical and experimental sides, respectively. In the new study, the researchers used a 20-qubit system not for computation, but to realize time crystals. In 2019, Google argued it used Sycamore to display " quantum primacy," finding answers to problems no classical computer could ever solve. By linking qubits together via a quantum effect known as entanglement, a 300-qubit quantum computer theoretically could perform more calculations in an instant than there are atoms in the visible universe. Whereas classical computers switch transistors either on or off to symbolize data as ones and zeroes, quantum computers use quantum bits, or qubits that, because of the nature of quantum mechanics, can exist in a state of superposition where they are both 1 and 0 simultaneously. ![]() Now researchers at Google Quantum AI and their colleagues reveal they have created time crystals using Google's Sycamore quantum computing hardware, findings they detailed online Nov. Scientists have raced to create this novel phase of matter for years. Its parts can theoretically move in a repeating cycle without consuming energy for eternity, like a watch that runs forever without any batteries. First conceived of a decade or so ago, a time crystal is a new kind of matter that bears an uncanny resemblance to a perpetual motion machine.
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